As-salamu 'alaykum wa rahmat-Ullahi wa barakatuH.
Question: Are the Wahhabis to be accounted between ahlu-l-qiblah and ahlu-t-Tawhid, or their deviation is such that they are separated from the Jama'ah of this Ummah?
Answer: If someone supposes that Ulema of Ahlu-s-Sunnah only declared Wahhabism to be a "deviation within Islam", but not a kufr belief, and that they did not write fatawa of takfir against those who go on accepting and preaching Wahhabism, even after being informed about 'aqidah sahihah, this thesis of his is simply not correct, since Ulema al-Muhtadun declared that Wahhabis are deviant not only in the furu' al-Iman, but also in the usul al-Iman. In the language of ahlu-l-fiqh, the one who deviates from Islam in furu' is a bid'ah holder, and the one who deviates from Islam in usul is a kafir.
As a consequence, or noble forerunners in Din firstly issued a fatwa of tashih, enumerating the Wahhabi heresies which are a negation of furu', and those who are a negation of usul, and then issued a fatwa of takfir against those who refused to do tawbah and to come back to Islam. As a consequence of this fatwa, confirmed by Ulema living in al-Haramayn and from the Shaykhu-l-Islam in Istanbul, the Amir al-Mu'minin not only gave a order to stop the Wahhabi rebellion, but also proclaimed jihad to free al-Haramayn from the hands of apostates.
The first among Ahlu-s-Sunnah to issue fatawa about Wahhabism was Shaykh Sulayman Ibn 'Abdi-l-Wahhab al-Hanbali, who issued both a tashih and a takfir of his brother Muhammad, asking the Chief Mufti of Mecca to confirm his fatwa and to transmit it to the Amir.
This verdict was extended from the single person to the whole sect of those who propagate his kufriyyat by Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Sulayman Effendi, who declared them not only deviant in fiqh and kalam, but apostates in Din, by saying "O Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, do not slander Muslims! I admonish you for Allah’s sake! Does any of the Muslims says that there is a Creator besides Allah? If you have anything to argue against Muslims, please, show them authoritative proofs. It is more correct to declare you, a single person, a kafir, than to call millions of Muslims kuffar." Allah says, “If anyone contends with the Messenger after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than the one followed by Believers, we shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, quite an evil refuge!” This ayah points to the results of departing from Ahlu-s-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah."
When the order from the Amir of Mecca reached the Khalifah in Istanbul, he ordered Muhammad ‘Ali Pashah, governor of Egypt, to move to Najd and to stop the Wahhabi sedition. Among Sunni Ulema who refuted Wahhabism we can also mention Sayyid Dawud Ibn Sulayman, Mawlana Khalid al-Baghdadi, Sun‘ Allah al-Halabi al-Makki al-Hanafi, Muhammad Ma‘sum as-Sarhindi, Muhammad Ibn Sulayman al-Madani. The latter was the Shaf‘i Mufti of Medina, and was asked to write a fatwa against Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab. This fatwa is quoted in the book "Ashadd al-Jihad". It declares Wahhabis not only "deviant", but apostates, too.
He wrote, "This man [Muhammad Ibn 'Abdi-l-Wahhab] is leading the ignoramuses of the present age to a heretical path. He is trying to extinguish Allah’s light, but Allah will not permit His light to be extinguished, in spite of the opposition of polytheists, but will illuminate every place with the light of Ahlu-s-Sunnah."
Shaykh Sayyid ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Ahdal applied to the Wahhabis the hadith sahih dealing with those who "will go out of Din as a arrow leaves the bow". Those words can only concern a sect which is involved not only in bid'ah, but in apostasy, too, since "go out of Din" does not mean "introducing bid'at in Din", but separating oneself from Din, i.e. committing irtidad.
He says, "...in refuting them [the Wahhabis], it is sufficient to mention the hadith of the Prophet: ‘Their sign is shaving [the sides of their faces]’, since no other innovator had ever done it."
Shaykh Ahmad Zayni Dahlan, the Chief Mufti of Mecca, wrote in "Futuhat al-Islamiyyah":
"Muftis of the four schools declared them to be renegades, and this document was distributed throughout the entire Arabian Peninsula. The Amir of Mecca, Sharif Mas‘ud ibn Sa‘id, ordered the Wahhabis imprisoned."
Muslim scholars declared Wahhabis heretic firstly, and then kuffar when they stubbornly preserve in their dalalah even after having heard the correct dalayl from Qur'an and Sunnah. The declaration of Aimmah from al-Haramayn was that Wahhabis differ from Ahlu-s-Sunnah not only in matter of of haram and halal, but also in matter of shirk and Tawhid.
This is the main difference between them and Khawarij of old, and this is the reason while fitnah an-Najdiyyah is greater and more dangerous than fitnah al-Kharijiyyah was.
This proclamation of the Truth was the direct cause of the martyrdom of Ahlu-s-Sunnah, on the day when Ibn Sa'ud's gangsters profaned Medina al-Munawwarah, and removed the golden Ya' before the name of the Prophet Muhammad from the gate of Hujratu-s-Sa'adah.
Question: Are the Wahhabis to be accounted between ahlu-l-qiblah and ahlu-t-Tawhid, or their deviation is such that they are separated from the Jama'ah of this Ummah?
Answer: If someone supposes that Ulema of Ahlu-s-Sunnah only declared Wahhabism to be a "deviation within Islam", but not a kufr belief, and that they did not write fatawa of takfir against those who go on accepting and preaching Wahhabism, even after being informed about 'aqidah sahihah, this thesis of his is simply not correct, since Ulema al-Muhtadun declared that Wahhabis are deviant not only in the furu' al-Iman, but also in the usul al-Iman. In the language of ahlu-l-fiqh, the one who deviates from Islam in furu' is a bid'ah holder, and the one who deviates from Islam in usul is a kafir.
As a consequence, or noble forerunners in Din firstly issued a fatwa of tashih, enumerating the Wahhabi heresies which are a negation of furu', and those who are a negation of usul, and then issued a fatwa of takfir against those who refused to do tawbah and to come back to Islam. As a consequence of this fatwa, confirmed by Ulema living in al-Haramayn and from the Shaykhu-l-Islam in Istanbul, the Amir al-Mu'minin not only gave a order to stop the Wahhabi rebellion, but also proclaimed jihad to free al-Haramayn from the hands of apostates.
The first among Ahlu-s-Sunnah to issue fatawa about Wahhabism was Shaykh Sulayman Ibn 'Abdi-l-Wahhab al-Hanbali, who issued both a tashih and a takfir of his brother Muhammad, asking the Chief Mufti of Mecca to confirm his fatwa and to transmit it to the Amir.
This verdict was extended from the single person to the whole sect of those who propagate his kufriyyat by Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Sulayman Effendi, who declared them not only deviant in fiqh and kalam, but apostates in Din, by saying "O Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, do not slander Muslims! I admonish you for Allah’s sake! Does any of the Muslims says that there is a Creator besides Allah? If you have anything to argue against Muslims, please, show them authoritative proofs. It is more correct to declare you, a single person, a kafir, than to call millions of Muslims kuffar." Allah says, “If anyone contends with the Messenger after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than the one followed by Believers, we shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, quite an evil refuge!” This ayah points to the results of departing from Ahlu-s-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah."
When the order from the Amir of Mecca reached the Khalifah in Istanbul, he ordered Muhammad ‘Ali Pashah, governor of Egypt, to move to Najd and to stop the Wahhabi sedition. Among Sunni Ulema who refuted Wahhabism we can also mention Sayyid Dawud Ibn Sulayman, Mawlana Khalid al-Baghdadi, Sun‘ Allah al-Halabi al-Makki al-Hanafi, Muhammad Ma‘sum as-Sarhindi, Muhammad Ibn Sulayman al-Madani. The latter was the Shaf‘i Mufti of Medina, and was asked to write a fatwa against Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab. This fatwa is quoted in the book "Ashadd al-Jihad". It declares Wahhabis not only "deviant", but apostates, too.
He wrote, "This man [Muhammad Ibn 'Abdi-l-Wahhab] is leading the ignoramuses of the present age to a heretical path. He is trying to extinguish Allah’s light, but Allah will not permit His light to be extinguished, in spite of the opposition of polytheists, but will illuminate every place with the light of Ahlu-s-Sunnah."
Shaykh Sayyid ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Ahdal applied to the Wahhabis the hadith sahih dealing with those who "will go out of Din as a arrow leaves the bow". Those words can only concern a sect which is involved not only in bid'ah, but in apostasy, too, since "go out of Din" does not mean "introducing bid'at in Din", but separating oneself from Din, i.e. committing irtidad.
He says, "...in refuting them [the Wahhabis], it is sufficient to mention the hadith of the Prophet: ‘Their sign is shaving [the sides of their faces]’, since no other innovator had ever done it."
Shaykh Ahmad Zayni Dahlan, the Chief Mufti of Mecca, wrote in "Futuhat al-Islamiyyah":
"Muftis of the four schools declared them to be renegades, and this document was distributed throughout the entire Arabian Peninsula. The Amir of Mecca, Sharif Mas‘ud ibn Sa‘id, ordered the Wahhabis imprisoned."
Muslim scholars declared Wahhabis heretic firstly, and then kuffar when they stubbornly preserve in their dalalah even after having heard the correct dalayl from Qur'an and Sunnah. The declaration of Aimmah from al-Haramayn was that Wahhabis differ from Ahlu-s-Sunnah not only in matter of of haram and halal, but also in matter of shirk and Tawhid.
This is the main difference between them and Khawarij of old, and this is the reason while fitnah an-Najdiyyah is greater and more dangerous than fitnah al-Kharijiyyah was.
This proclamation of the Truth was the direct cause of the martyrdom of Ahlu-s-Sunnah, on the day when Ibn Sa'ud's gangsters profaned Medina al-Munawwarah, and removed the golden Ya' before the name of the Prophet Muhammad from the gate of Hujratu-s-Sa'adah.
While even Abu Lahab rejoiced in the day when Rasul-Ullah, sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam, was born, those perverse people have removed the mention "Ya Muhammad..." from his Blessed Grave, even if they are informed that the Prophet himself, sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam, taught Muslim to make tawassul of him by these blessed words. This deliberate intent to cancel the Sunnah of Rasul-Ullah, sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam, in al-Haramayn is, again, an act of kufr, an attempt to extinguish Allah's light.
Among the Wahhabi kufriyyat in the field of Tawhid, one should remember that Ibn Taymiyyah said, "the archetypes are co-eternal with Allah from before the creation"; this opinion of his comes from al-Falasifah and is shared by the Wahhabis, but rejected as a kufriyyah by al-Hafiz al-'Iraqi, Imam Subki, Imam al-Ghazali and Imam Ibn Hamz, and their proof is the hadith sahih, "There was Allah, and nothing was with Him, and His Throne was upon waters." (Al-Bukhari).
This hadith is in the level of mutawatur according to Ibn Hajar, and is quoted by both al-Hafiz al-Ghumari and al-Hafiz al-Harari as a proof against those who - like Wahhabis do - make the heretic Ibn Taymiyyah a "Shaykh al-Islam". The Same Shaykh Ghumari authenticates the fatwa, "The one who uses the title "Shaykh al-Islam" for Ibn Taymiyyah proves himself to be a kafir." According to a request coming from Shaykh 'Ali al-Mo'allim al-Qadiri, we have asked for an explanation of this fatwa to Shaykh al-Ash'ari, and the explanation was:
"It means that those who make so out of ignorance, and not being informed about Ibn Taymiyyah's apostasy are to be warned, and are under wajib to learn that doing so is kufr. As for the one who goes on doing using that title even when informed about al-Jama'ah, he is cut from the Jama'at of this Ummah with the same sentence that our Ulema issued against Ibn Taymiyyah, and cannot enter Islam again, except by tawbah and Shahadah."
Among the contemporary Wahhabis, Ibn Baz, al-Albani, and al-Qaradawi say, "Allah has limited Himself to being located above the sky", and this is kufr against “laysa ka-mithliHi Shay'a”, and refuted in 'Aqidah by Imam at-Tahawi, who writes, "Allah has no limits whatsoever."
Among the Wahhabi kufriyyat in the field of Tawhid, one should remember that Ibn Taymiyyah said, "the archetypes are co-eternal with Allah from before the creation"; this opinion of his comes from al-Falasifah and is shared by the Wahhabis, but rejected as a kufriyyah by al-Hafiz al-'Iraqi, Imam Subki, Imam al-Ghazali and Imam Ibn Hamz, and their proof is the hadith sahih, "There was Allah, and nothing was with Him, and His Throne was upon waters." (Al-Bukhari).
This hadith is in the level of mutawatur according to Ibn Hajar, and is quoted by both al-Hafiz al-Ghumari and al-Hafiz al-Harari as a proof against those who - like Wahhabis do - make the heretic Ibn Taymiyyah a "Shaykh al-Islam". The Same Shaykh Ghumari authenticates the fatwa, "The one who uses the title "Shaykh al-Islam" for Ibn Taymiyyah proves himself to be a kafir." According to a request coming from Shaykh 'Ali al-Mo'allim al-Qadiri, we have asked for an explanation of this fatwa to Shaykh al-Ash'ari, and the explanation was:
"It means that those who make so out of ignorance, and not being informed about Ibn Taymiyyah's apostasy are to be warned, and are under wajib to learn that doing so is kufr. As for the one who goes on doing using that title even when informed about al-Jama'ah, he is cut from the Jama'at of this Ummah with the same sentence that our Ulema issued against Ibn Taymiyyah, and cannot enter Islam again, except by tawbah and Shahadah."
Among the contemporary Wahhabis, Ibn Baz, al-Albani, and al-Qaradawi say, "Allah has limited Himself to being located above the sky", and this is kufr against “laysa ka-mithliHi Shay'a”, and refuted in 'Aqidah by Imam at-Tahawi, who writes, "Allah has no limits whatsoever."
Philips writes, "One who has accepted the concept of God being present in any way within His creation will be obliged to accept this argument for idolatry". By doing so, he commits a three kufriyyat in a single sentence, since he openly opposes three ayat: “He is with you wherever you are” (al-Hadid, 4), “Verily We are closer to him than his jugular vein” (al-Qaf, 16), “To Allah belong the East and the West; wherever you turn, the Face of Allah is there” (al-Baqarah, 115).
Imam at-Tahawi also writes about the 'aqidah of Ahlu-s-Sunnah, "We do not consider any of the people of our qiblah to he kuffar because of any wrong action they have done, as long as they do not consider that action to have been lawful." Wahhabis not only call Ahlu-s-Sunnah "mushrikun and grave worshippers", but also claim that this infamous behavior of theirs is lawful. This is the reason why those who stubbornly do so become kuffar like those who claim that drinking wine or committing zinah is lawful.
Al-Albani himself admitted "opposing ayat is kufr", and then he himself wrote "every mushrik is kafir, every kafir is mushrik",. As it is proved by al-Hafiz al-Harari in "Dalalat al-Albani", this is kufr not only against one ayah, but against Surah al-Bayyinah as a whole.
He also wrote "the so-called sunnah of Jum'ah has no base", and this is kufr by parting from ijma'.
Question: What about those who in good faith say, "we are not informed that Ulema of Ahlu-s-Sunnah regard Wahhabism as a kufr cult?
Answer: Insha Allah Ta'ala, they must be brotherly exhorted to get informed about the exact fatawa issued by Sunni Ulema. Among the contemporary ones, al-Hafiz al-Muhaddith Shaykh 'Abdullah al-Harari, the leader of the Shafi'i fuqaha', collected all the fatawa proving the kufr of Mujassimah, Taymiyyun and Wahhabiyyah, and one can insha Allah read them in "Maqalat as-Sunniyyah". Some chapters of Maqalat are also translated into English and published on this site. Insha Allah Ta'ala, the can by visited by clicking here.
Question: One of the reasons why Wahhabis are condemned is their over-use of takfir. Which is the reason to make takfir of them?
Answer: Use of takfir is a sensitive matter. Laypersons must absolutely abstain from it, but in some cases it becomes mustahhab, and is some others fard kifayah for scholars. Ulema al-Muhtadun were compelled to use it against al-Farabi and al-Kindi and Ibn Sina, - so does Imam Ghazali in "al-Munqidhu mina-d-Dalal" - and this notwithstanding the fact that al-Farabi's, al-Kindi's and Ibn Sina's deviance from al-hudah was not so wide as the deviance of Mujassimah and Taymiyyun is. Ibn Sina received takfir from Imam Ghazali for a single kufriyyah, while Ibn Taymiyyah received takfir for seven heretic articles, while the kufriyyat of the Wahhabis are some tens, and increase by the passing of the time.
Question: Should everyone who refuses tawassul be considered a Wahhabi?
Answer: As about tawassul of Rasul-Ullah, sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam, the one who calls it haram must be warned about his bid'ah, but the one who calls it "shirk" must be warned against takfir al-Mu'minun, and takfir al-Mu'minun is kufr by ijma'.
If he goes on doing so after having learn the authoritative dalayl, accepting him as a Muslim is not permitted by the Shari'ah, unless he makes tawbah and submits his face to Allah.
Question: Notwithstanding their common heritage from Imam Abu Hanifah and from the Shaykhayn, the scholars belonging to the Hanafi madhhab are divided in the Barelvi and the Deobandi school, and these two schools have different attitude toward Wahhabism. What is the reason of this division?
Answer: The reason for what you mention is the difference between muttaqi Ulema who are uncompromised in abiding by al-Haqq and Ulema sultaniyyah which are ready to compromise their Iman out of mundane interests.
The three-centuries-old fatwa of Ahlu-s-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah is that Wahhabism is a kufr cult, and that its preachers are unbelievers without a Book. Ulema al-Muhtadun go on repeating in the same form they have heard it, since they are among those who follow and not among those who innovate.Imam at-Tahawi also writes about the 'aqidah of Ahlu-s-Sunnah, "We do not consider any of the people of our qiblah to he kuffar because of any wrong action they have done, as long as they do not consider that action to have been lawful." Wahhabis not only call Ahlu-s-Sunnah "mushrikun and grave worshippers", but also claim that this infamous behavior of theirs is lawful. This is the reason why those who stubbornly do so become kuffar like those who claim that drinking wine or committing zinah is lawful.
Al-Albani himself admitted "opposing ayat is kufr", and then he himself wrote "every mushrik is kafir, every kafir is mushrik",. As it is proved by al-Hafiz al-Harari in "Dalalat al-Albani", this is kufr not only against one ayah, but against Surah al-Bayyinah as a whole.
He also wrote "the so-called sunnah of Jum'ah has no base", and this is kufr by parting from ijma'.
Question: What about those who in good faith say, "we are not informed that Ulema of Ahlu-s-Sunnah regard Wahhabism as a kufr cult?
Answer: Insha Allah Ta'ala, they must be brotherly exhorted to get informed about the exact fatawa issued by Sunni Ulema. Among the contemporary ones, al-Hafiz al-Muhaddith Shaykh 'Abdullah al-Harari, the leader of the Shafi'i fuqaha', collected all the fatawa proving the kufr of Mujassimah, Taymiyyun and Wahhabiyyah, and one can insha Allah read them in "Maqalat as-Sunniyyah". Some chapters of Maqalat are also translated into English and published on this site. Insha Allah Ta'ala, the can by visited by clicking here.
Question: One of the reasons why Wahhabis are condemned is their over-use of takfir. Which is the reason to make takfir of them?
Answer: Use of takfir is a sensitive matter. Laypersons must absolutely abstain from it, but in some cases it becomes mustahhab, and is some others fard kifayah for scholars. Ulema al-Muhtadun were compelled to use it against al-Farabi and al-Kindi and Ibn Sina, - so does Imam Ghazali in "al-Munqidhu mina-d-Dalal" - and this notwithstanding the fact that al-Farabi's, al-Kindi's and Ibn Sina's deviance from al-hudah was not so wide as the deviance of Mujassimah and Taymiyyun is. Ibn Sina received takfir from Imam Ghazali for a single kufriyyah, while Ibn Taymiyyah received takfir for seven heretic articles, while the kufriyyat of the Wahhabis are some tens, and increase by the passing of the time.
Question: Should everyone who refuses tawassul be considered a Wahhabi?
Answer: As about tawassul of Rasul-Ullah, sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam, the one who calls it haram must be warned about his bid'ah, but the one who calls it "shirk" must be warned against takfir al-Mu'minun, and takfir al-Mu'minun is kufr by ijma'.
If he goes on doing so after having learn the authoritative dalayl, accepting him as a Muslim is not permitted by the Shari'ah, unless he makes tawbah and submits his face to Allah.
Question: Notwithstanding their common heritage from Imam Abu Hanifah and from the Shaykhayn, the scholars belonging to the Hanafi madhhab are divided in the Barelvi and the Deobandi school, and these two schools have different attitude toward Wahhabism. What is the reason of this division?
Answer: The reason for what you mention is the difference between muttaqi Ulema who are uncompromised in abiding by al-Haqq and Ulema sultaniyyah which are ready to compromise their Iman out of mundane interests.
This blessed fatwa caused the martyrdom of Ulema of al-Haramayn, and those who are loyal to the legacy they have received from their noble forefathers will never change it, unless contemporary Wahhabis themselves make tawbah and reject their present kufr 'aqidah. Were Ulema of old incline to compromise they Din, and to say to Ibn Sa'ud's gangsters, "your cult is within the limits of Islam", their lives would have spared, but they would have acquired dunya and lost akhirah.
Some of the contemporary scholars, out of the desire for gold and honors, accepted the same compromise which was refused by our forefathers, and say, "Wahhabis deviate in furu' only", although they know very well how much they deviate in usul, too. May Allah guide them to tawbah nasuhah, and may He lead you and us to follow those Ulema who do not accept compromises in matter of shirk and Tawhid.
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